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Improving Soil Structure and Fertility: To hold and enhance soil fertility for the growth of the tree, it is essential for tree plantation; healthy soil retains nutrients and promotes microbial activity.

Reducing the Risk of Flooding and Soil Erosion: The roots of trees hold the soil together and prevent it from washing away during the rain, thus pointing to the importance of plantation for the preservation of land.

Enhancing Water Retention and Preventing Droughts: In that, trees and organic matter increase the holding capacity of soils for water, allowing it to provide adequate supplies of water for the entire duration, tree plantation ensures the very life of human beings in the climate change context..


Filtering Pollutants for Cleaner Water Bodies: This is a natural way whereby soil is employed as a filter and contaminants are filtered out before they reach water sources; this lends to the general importance of tree plantation as it protects environmental health.

Public group --> Public playlist

Improving Soil Structure and Fertility: To hold and enhance soil fertility for the growth of the tree, it is essential for tree plantation; healthy soil retains nutrients and promotes microbial activity.

Reducing the Risk of Flooding and Soil Erosion: The roots of trees hold the soil together and prevent it from washing away during the rain, thus pointing to the importance of plantation for the preservation of land.

Enhancing Water Retention and Preventing Droughts:  In that, trees and organic matter increase the holding capacity of soils for water, allowing it to provide adequate supplies of water for the entire duration, tree plantation ensures the very life of human beings in the climate change context..




Filtering Pollutants for Cleaner Water Bodies: This is a natural way whereby soil is employed as a filter and contaminants are filtered out before they reach water sources; this lends to the general importance of tree plantation as it protects environmental health.

Soil degradation is one of the challenges to sustainable tree plantations that have effects on tree growth, biodiversity, and overall ecosystem stability. The other factors affecting soil deterioration reduce soil productivity and consequently disrupt the ecosystem balance.

Deforestation: Abandoning any tree for the sake of agriculture or urbanization causes structural problems in soils and degrades organic matter. This ruins the whole purpose of a tree plantation because trees are very significant in ensuring soil stability and fertility.

Erosion: The deep topsoil, rich in nutrient content, is blown away by wind and washed away by water and difficult for plants to grow. More evidence of tree plantation is void of soil loss when trees take root-they hold the soil and prevent erosion.

Agrochemical Pollution: Excessive use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers can reduce soil nutrient content. More importantly, they kill beneficial microorganisms. Hence, such degraded soil fetches low production from agricultural activities and drastically disrupts ecosystems, compelling the need for tree plantation in life.

Soil Compaction: Heavy machinery and overgrazing compact the soil, impeding aeration and infiltration. The resulting poor soil conditions hamper the growth of trees, derailing the purpose of tree plantations-aids in improving greenery and the environment.

Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.
Clean between teeth regularly, aiming for once a day. Use dental floss or a special brush or wooden or plastic pick recommended by a dental professional. Or try a floss holder, floss threader, or water flosser.
Visit the dentist for routine check-ups and professional cleaning.
If you are at a high risk for tooth decay (for example, if you have a dry mouth because of medicines you take), your dentist or dental hygienist may give you a fluoride treatment, such as a varnish or foam during the office visit. Or, the dentist may recommend a fluoride gel or mouth rinse for home use.
If you are at higher risk for gum disease because of a medical condition (for example, diabetes), your dentist may want to see you more frequently.
Drink fluoridated water. Drinking water with the right amount of fluoride protects your teeth throughout the day. Learn the fluoride content of your community’s water here or check with your water utility company.

Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.
Clean between teeth regularly, aiming for once a day. Use dental floss or a special brush or wooden or plastic pick recommended by a dental professional. Or try a floss holder, floss threader, or water flosser.
Visit the dentist for routine check-ups and professional cleaning.
If you are at a high risk for tooth decay (for example, if you have a dry mouth because of medicines you take), your dentist or dental hygienist may give you a fluoride treatment, such as a varnish or foam during the office visit. Or, the dentist may recommend a fluoride gel or mouth rinse for home use.
If you are at higher risk for gum disease because of a medical condition (for example, diabetes), your dentist may want to see you more frequently.
Drink fluoridated water. Drinking water with the right amount of fluoride protects your teeth throughout the day. Learn the fluoride content of your community’s water here or check with your water utility company.

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JAMH Call for Papers Journal of African Military History - Special Issue: New Histories of the Southern African Liberation Struggles The intertwined wars to bring majority-rule to the Southern African states are rightfully understood in African history both as the triumphs of pan-African solidarity and complex events that interwove both local struggles for authority and global ideological competition. Initial nationalist histories traced the rise and political activities of the liberation fronts while more global views explored the cooperation of African actors with international patrons such as Russia, China, and Cuba in their attempts to leverage Cold War dynamics in an effort to attain their freedom. These often ultimately proved to be more official histories that played up the successes of the liberation struggles against the white redoubt countries as well as the international and Pan-African cooperation that allowed these successes However, the past decade has seen the continued expansion of historical inquiry into these conflicts. Both on the continent and abroad, critical archives have been opened and their documentation being woven into the historical narratives of the conflicts, such as the emergent work on the ALCORA exercises by Robert McNamara and Felipe Rebeiro de Meneses. Access to a plethora of previously unreachable or forgotten interview subjects has established new narratives of the struggles themselves, such as in the works of Joanne MacGregor, Joceylyn Alexander, Christian Williams, or Marc Thomas Howard. Topics that had not previous been studied in a systemic aaptest1@yahoo.com way, such as African participationAAP_test@outlook.com in the struggles against the liberation fronts or the logistics of sustaining the far-flung struggles, have been explored, establishing new bodies of knowledge about these complex conflicts. Simply put, while there have been published historical narratives and knowledge about these struggles since the days of their waging, newer work has both enhanced and expanded on these early publications and there remains more new scholarship emerging. The intent of this special issue is continuing these efforts and publishing new scholarly perspectives on the planning, waging, and inherited narratives of the struggles for the final liberation of Africa while at the same time uncovering varied aspects of these intertwined vijayalaxmi@facebook.com conflicts which have received little or no previous scholarly attention We are particularly interested in contributions exploring the following topics regarding either side of the conflict: - Internal alliances and military cooperation; - Operational planning and direct military engagements; - Recruitment, mobilization and manpower; - Veterans and demobilization; - Labor, industry and sustainment of the struggles; - Gender, masculinity, and the role of women; - Resistance, political activism and interment; - Propaganda, espionage and counterintelligence; - malivijaya975@gmail.com External connections and interactions; - Legacy, commemoration and historical memory; The special issue will consider articles submitted in English. If you are interested in proposing a paper on these or any other topics, please contact Dr Charles Thomas or Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa . Abstracts should be submitted by 30 November 2025, with completed essays due by 31 April 2026. Scholars interested in editing future special issues should contact the journal’s managing editors, Roy Doron and Charles G Thomas at doronrs@wssu.edu and Contact Information Dr Charles Thomasor Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa Contact Email URL: https://brill.com/view/journals/jamh/jamh-overview.xml?contents=editorialcontent-62994

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