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  • Link preview test 3
    https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/sep/08/green-economy-boom-africa-climate-summit-renewable-energy-solar test link
    By: Anne miller New vijayalaxmi santosh mhetre mali
    Wednesday, Sep 10, 2025

  • Translation Networks in the Decolonising World
    Translation Networks in the Decolonising World, 1950s–1970sKing's College, University of Cambridge | 24–25 April 2026 The 1950s to the 1970s was a transformative period marked by anticolonial struggles, national independences, and non-aligned solidarities across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. These groundbreaking political shifts went hand-in-hand with profound cultural and ideological exchanges across continents. Central to these exchanges were translation networks—dynamic, often informal systems through which ideas filtered across linguistic and national boundaries. These networks not only facilitated the dissemination of anticolonial and more broadly revolutionary thought, but also helped forge new identities and solidarities in a bipolarised world. From clandestine literature, revolutionary manifestos, political speeches, to broadcasting and print journalism, translation operated as an essential tool for decolonisation. Yet, despite their significance, these translation networks remain underexplored. This conference seeks to shed light on the multifaceted role of translation in the decolonising world between the 1950s and 1970s. It seeks to examine how translation—whether cultural or linguistic, diplomatic or political—served as a bridge for ideas, theories, and strategies that fueled anticolonial struggles, fostered regional solidarities, and contributed to the dissemination of counterhegemonic discourses. This conference seeks to redress narratives that often overlook translation’s role in shaping political and cultural transformation by foregrounding the networks of translation that enabled dialogue between communities, intellectuals, and revolutionary movements. It aims to explore how translation practices facilitated the circulation of anti-colonial ideas, shaped notions of identity and sovereignty, and influenced the formation of new political and cultural realities in the decolonising world. We invite proposals for papers of relevance to the subject of the conference, which might include considerations of: The role of translation in the dissemination of anticolonial thought; The translation of revolutionary texts (e.g., manifestos, poetry, political speeches, print journalism) as well as oral traditions and indigenous knowledge that supported anticolonial narratives; The role of translation as a tool for transnational and transcontinental solidarity; The role of transnational and transcontinental alliances (e.g., the Non-Aligned Movement) in facilitating ideolog The role of translation in the dissemination of anticolonial thought; The translation of revolutionary texts (e.g., manifestos, poetry, political speeches, print journalism) as well as oral traditions and indigenous knowledge that supported anticolonial narratives; The role of translation as a tool for transnational and transcontinental solidarity; The role of transnational and transcontinental alliances (e.g., the Non-Aligned Movement) in facilitating ideological exchanges and collaborations; The role of translation in national, transnational, and transcontinental conferences, festivals, and organisations; The translation and/or adaptation, reinterpretation, and dissemination of Afro-Asianism, Marxism, nationalism, Pan-Africanism, and/or Pan-Arabism; The influence of radio, print, and emerging broadcasting or recording technologies in spreading anticolonial ideas in translation; The role and agency of individual translators in establishing transnational and transcontinental connections; Comparative perspectives on the intersection of translation and decolonisation in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The conference will be in-person at King’s College, University of Cambridge. To submit a proposal, please include in one document the following information: proposals for 20-minute papers (300 words), paper title, and participant(s) biography (100 words). Please submit proposals by e-mail to Georgia Nasseh (gsn25 [at] cam.ac.uk). The deadline for submissions is 15 October 2025. Contact Information Dr Georgia NassehResearch Fellow in the Literatures of the Global SouthKing's College, University of Cambridge Contact Email gsn25@cam.ac.ukRead more: https://networks.h-net.org/group/announcements/20122618/cfp-translation-networks-decolonising-world-1950s-1970s 
    By: Scott Henderson
    Tuesday, Aug 19, 2025
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  • Sri Lanka - Agriculture
    Agriculture is the most important sector of the Sri Lankan economy. Even though its contribution to the gross domestic product declined substantially during the past 3 decades (from 30 percent in 1970 to 21 percent in 2000), it is the most important source of employment for the majority of the Sri Lankan workforce. Approximately 38 percent of the total labor force was engaged in agriculture in 1999. In the subsistence sector, rice is the main crop and farming rice is the most important economic activity for the majority of the people living in rural areas. During the last 5 decades the rice sector grew rapidly and output more than tripled, reaching the highest ever output of 2.9 million metric tons in 1999. Increases in the area under cultivation, and improved productivity due to the modernization of agriculture are the main reasons for an increase in production. The rehabilitation of Sri Lanka's extensive ancient irrigation network and massive new investment in construction and maintenance of irrigation infrastructure led to a large increase in the area under rice cultivation. Between 1960-2000, the area used to grow rice increased 6 times to 546,249 hectares. The modernization of farming methods, such as the use of high-yielding seeds, tractors, and chemical fertilizers also led to increased productivity in the rice sector. Between 1960-1999, rice yield per hectare doubled from 1,877 kilograms to 3,672 kilograms. In addition to rice, various other food crops are produced for local consumption. They include yams, pulses, grains, vegetables, and fruits. Most of these crops are cultivated in family gardens, except for potatoes and sugar. Sugar cane is cultivated in the dry zone, and Sri Lanka produces only 15 percent of what it consumes domestically.Read more: https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Sri-Lanka-AGRICULTURE.html#ixzz6vrxdyz7V
    By: Anne miller New vijayalaxmi santosh mhetre mali
    Thursday, May 27, 2021

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  • Ecosystem Services: Examples
    Without ecosystem services, life on Earth as we know it wouldn’t exist. There are four main categories of ecosystem services: Provisioning services refer to the products secured by ecosystems. These include:   • Water • Food (including cattle and seafood) • Pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, and industrial products • Energy (sunlight, hydropower, biomass) Regulating services are the ecosystem services that allow the regulation of ecosystem processes such as: • Climate regulation (and carbon absorption and storage via the oceans, trees, soil) • Waste decomposition (one of the most essential microbial process happening in soil) • Crop pollination (performed by agents such as bees that contribute to the reproduction of flowering plants) • Water and air purification and regulation • Control of pests and diseases Supporting and habitat services refer to the ability of ecosystems to give habitat for migratory species and to support the viability of gene-pools.This is possible thanks to: • Primary reproduction • Nutrient and seed dispersal Cultural services are the benefits ecosystem services bring to humans. Examples of these are: • Inspiration for intellectual (creativity), cultural (entertainment) and spiritual (why) purposes    – Remember how it feels good to seeing and hearing wild birds    – Animals, plants and even the funghi kingdom serve as inspiration in theaters, movies…    – Many people go to natural sites when they want to be alone or reflect about life • Recreational experiences such as outdoors activities or ecotourism
    By: rupali
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021
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  • Why Is Preserving Ecosystems Important?
    All other living beings, humans are dependant on natural ecosystem services to survive. We need it to get the food we eat, the water we drink and to transform raw materials into our everyday products. So in order to keep our living conditions, it’s truly important that we preserve natural ecosystems. For example, the agriculture that provides our food depends on the characteristics of a specific ecosystem. Cereals or vegetables grow only under certain conditions of temperature and humidity. They also need certain natural processes, such as pollination, to take place. If we change these characteristics too intensely, there is the risk that we aren’t able to produce what we produce today, or at least not in the same way. That’s why there are some agricultural techniques that understand and manage food production
    By: rupali
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021
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  • How Do Natural Ecosystems Work?
    Natural ecosystems are “balanced” systems. This means the interactions between the different organisms that make up the ecosystem contribute to a certain stability. For example, in grassland ecosystems, herbivores consume grass, but also feed the soil with their droppings, which allows the grass to grow back and allows some sort of balance. Still, this doesn’t mean an ecosystem, even a healthy one, is static. In reality, ecosystems are constantly evolving as they are based on dynamic processes that are constantly changing. For instance, biocenosis are living organisms that interact with their environment and constantly transform it. How? Because animals compact the soil, plants create humidity or regulate the temperature and bacteria help in the microscopic world by protecting all sorts of animals from diseases and helping in their digestion process. As well, an ecosystem also evolves due to external or unforeseen events. A climatic or natural phenomenon, for example, can lead to transformations in the environment. In this way, biocenosis the ecosystem’s living organisms to adapt to these new constraints, and change happens.
    By: rupali
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021

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  • Ecosystem
    “An ecosystem is defined as a community of lifeforms in concurrence with non-living components, interacting with each other.”   What is an Ecosystem? The ecosystem is the structural and functional unit of ecology where the living organisms interact with each other and the surrounding environment. In other words, an ecosystem is a chain of interaction between organisms and their environment. The term “Ecosystem” was first coined by A.G.Tansley, an English botanist, in 1935. Read on to explore the structure, components, types and functions of the ecosystem in the ecosystem notes provided below. An ecosystem can be as small as an oasis in a desert, or as big as an ocean, spanning thousands of miles. There are two types of ecosystem: Terrestrial Ecosystem Aquatic Ecosystem
    By: rupali
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021
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  • Recognize perspectives
    test : .doc Students must engage in activities and explorations where they are able to investigate their world beyond their immediate environment. Research that is age-appropriate should be conducted where problems are framed that are significant at the local, regional, or global level.
    By: Jen Martins Henzansanath
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021

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  • Test the article: youtube thumbnail
    Test: An Introduction to the Ecological Model in Public Health  of the "ecological model, 
    By: Edwin Castel
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021
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  • Venture capital :
    The four-part framework (investigating the issue, recognizing perspectives, communicating ideas, taking action) incorporated into this micro-credential reflects the changing role of our students in the 21st century. Students must have a substantive understanding of the complex, diverse, and interdependent world in which they live. Educators will delve into the research that supports the students becoming globally competent through inquiry. The four-part framework is described below. Additional resources are available in the “Supporting Rationale and Research” section and should be examined prior to completing this micro-credential.
    By: Scarlet Patrick
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021
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  • Global Competence Framework
    The four-part framework (investigating the issue, recognizing perspectives, communicating ideas, taking action) incorporated into this micro-credential reflects the changing role of our students in the 21st century. Students must have a substantive understanding of the complex, diverse, and interdependent world in which they live. Educators will delve into the research that supports the students becoming globally competent through inquiry. The four-part framework is described below. Additional resources are available in the “Supporting Rationale and Research” section and should be examined prior to completing this micro-credential. Investigate the worldStudents must engage in activities and explorations where they are able to investigate their world beyond their immediate environment. Research that is age-appropriate should be conducted where problems are framed that are significant at the local, regional, or global level.
    By: Jenny Reze Scarlet
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021
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  • HOME CARE AND THE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL MODEL
    The social-ecological model emerged from ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), which explicitly sought to examine transactions between persons and their environments. The model stresses cross-level influences, in which community or organizational environments can shape individual behavior (top-down effects), but also examines how individuals form groups or take actions that may affect higher-level organizational or community spheres (bottom-up effects). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has incorporated social-ecological models into a number of its health promotion and disease prevention efforts. The simple onion or Russian doll rendering of social-ecological relations as concentric circles is not in itself very informative. However, flowchart models based on such relationships can be useful for specifying hypothesized cross-level influences.
    By: rupali
    Wednesday, May 12, 2021
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