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natural language

The apparent fact that the number of utterances in a nThe apparent fact that the number of utterances in a natural language is unbounded is one of its more widely remarked upon properties and a core tenet of modern linguistic theory. The classic argument for creativity uses the idea that one can continually add further adjuncts to sentences to establish that there can be no longest sentence and therefore no finite number of sentences (see Chomsky, 1957). . . ."This conventional argument for the creativity of natural language is overly strained: who has actually heard a 500-word sentence? In contrast, anyone who studies [natural language] generation has available a far more reasonable and commonsense account of creativity, namely that one continually uses new utterances because one is continually faced with new situations. is unbounded is one of its more widely remarked upon properties and a core tenet of modern linguistic theory. The classic argument for creativity uses the idea that one can continually add further adjuncts to sentences to establish that there can be no longest sentence and therefore no finite number of sentences

Thursday, Jun 10, 2021

AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS

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Formalism and Functionalism

"The terms 'Formalism' and 'Functionalism,' although generally accepted as designations of two different approaches within linguistics, are not entirely adequate, since they embody two different kinds of opposition. "The first opposition concerns the basic view of language adopted by linguistic theories, where, roughly speaking, one either views grammar as an autonomous structural system or views grammar primarily as an instrument of social interaction. Theories taking these two views of grammar may be called 'autonomous' and 'functional,' respectively. "The second opposition is of a quite different nature. Some linguistic theories have the explicit aim of constructing a formal representational system, whereas other approaches do not

Thursday, Jun 10, 2021

WATER, ENERGY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Thermodynamics deals with the concepts of heat and temperature and the inter-conversion of heat and other forms of energy. The four laws of thermodynamics govern the behaviour of these quantities and provide a quantitative description. William Thomson, in 1749, coined the term thermodynamics. The word “Thermodynamics” is derived from two Greek words “thermes” and “dynamikos” which means heat and powerful respectively.

Wednesday, Jun 9, 2021

radiographic series (FMX)

A full mouth radiographic series (FMX) consists of 20 images composed of periapical (16) and bitewing (4) projections. Periapical radiographs are intended to evaluate the periapical region of the tooth and surrounding bone. Therefore, it is essential to obtain the full length of the tooth and at least 2 mm of periapical bone. Bitewing radiographs record, on a single image, the crowns and coronal 1/3 of the interproximal bone of both arches. Bitewings are useful for detecting interproximal carious lesions, bone height, pulp chamber size and shape, pulp stones, and overhangs on interproximal restorations. It is therefore essential to position the image receptor and x-ray beam so that there is an equal distribution of both arches in the resulting radiographic image. Instrument Assembly: The Rinn XCP Instrument for a full mouth series (FMX) of x-rays consists of 3 parts: 1. 3 biteblocks for the anterior, posterior, and bitewing set-ups. 2. 3 Indicator rods for the anterior, posterior, and bitewing set-ups. 3. 2 Aiming rings for the anterior, posterior, and bitewing set-ups. a. The same aiming ring is used for the anterior and bitewing set-ups

Wednesday, Jun 9, 2021

AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS

Plant Some Perennials

Farmers who are searching for the perfect farming guide for crop planting will definitely want to consider planting some perennials. There are a lot of benefits for your harvest and your land with this type of crop. Roots on a perennial crop extend far deeper into the earth than their annual counterparts. One farming guide demonstrates just how significant the root structure is with this cutaway picture of the earth: With the deeper roots extending through your soil, your farm is likely to experience some significant benefits: Less soil erosion Access to nutrients and water sources otherwise unavailable to your plants Reduces compaction Creates more soil

Monday, Jun 7, 2021

AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS

Cells and their constituents

Biologists once depended on the light microscope to study the morphology of cells found in higher plants and animals. The functioning of cells in unicellular and in multicellular organisms was then postulated from observation of the structure; the discovery of the chloroplastids in the cell, for example, led to the investigation of the process of photosynthesis. With the invention of the electron microscope, the fine organization of the plastids could be used for further quantitative studies of the different parts of that process.

Thursday, Jun 3, 2021

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