KATHMANDU: Nepal’s government has filed a formal request with the United Nations’ Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage after the Bhote Koshi flood, triggered by a glacial collapse upstream, killed more than 1,000 people and left thousands more unaccounted for. The Ministry of Finance sent an urgent letter on September 1, warning that the scale of destruction, put at USD four to seven billion dollars, is far beyond what Nepal’s own resources can absorb.

Foreign Minister Shisir Khanal has gone further in public remarks, telling that Nepal’s emissions are negligible and demanding that top emitting nations such as China, the United States and India accept responsibility.

It is Nepal’s first claim on the fund since it came into existence, and it arrives at a moment when the fund itself has yet to pay out a single dollar to anyone.

What exactly has Nepal asked for, and through which channel?

The Nepal government sent two related but distinct communications. The first is a letter from the Ministry of Finance to the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage, known by its acronym FRLD, requesting emergency financial assistance to cope with the Bhote Koshi flood. Finance Ministry officials describe this as a request for a special decision, since the fund’s board does not have losses of this scale on its regular December agenda.

The second communication is a broader climate compensation claim letter sent to Nepal’s international partners, separate from the FRLD process, arguing that major greenhouse gas emitters bear historical responsibility. Foreign Minister Khanal has described this as a shift in diplomatic posture, moving away from framing international support as aid or charity and instead describing it as a matter of legal and moral liability. https://english.nepalnews.com/s/explainers/bhote-koshi-flood-can-nepal-get-compensation-from-the-un-backed-loss-and-damage-fund/

Postman's API client enables you to create and send API requests, including HTTP, GraphQL, and gRPC requests. Using Postman, you can send a request to an endpoint, retrieve data from a data source, or test an API's functionality. You don't need to enter commands in a terminal or write any code. When you create a new request and click Send, the API response returns directly in Postman.

Choice as Reward: Choice in and of itself appears to be highly reinforcing.
Provide choices of activities between assignments or embed choices within
assignments (e.g., choice of materials, readings, response modes, peer partners).
Choices also provide students practice in decision making.


Checking With Chimes: In order to teach students to monitor their attention to
task, set reminders at random intervals on an electronic device, such as a
smartphone or kitchen timer. Time intervals should be set based on the student’s
attention span and the pace of the lesson (typically 3 to 5 minutes). When the
tone sounds, the student charts or marks whether she is engaged in learning. A
simple yes or no checklist works well. Students can monitor their own behaviors
by giving themselves points or checkmarks for appropriate behavior. Extra points
may be awarded when student and teacher ratings match. The student could then
chart her score using a computer program, tablet, smartphone, graph paper, or
poster board.

The production chain with natural products has three major parts to consider. The
fi rst is agricultural, followed by, for example, extraction to get a concentrated
raw extract, and in pharmaceutical applications (not with cosmetics and nutraceuticals) a fi nal purifi cation step is necessary in order to get an ultrapure product.
All the steps combined contribute to the overall yield and determine the fi nal
economics.
To highlight the importance of including the complete production chain, we
can consider growing a crop of plants containing oleanoic acid. This is found in
several plants (almond hulls, privet, rosemary, thyme, clove, lavender, olive, hawthorn, periwinkle etc.) with a content less than 1% in dry mass. Higher values
were observed only with a different kind of sage. The value varies with location
and local climate (e.g., Germany versus Greece), types of soil (sandy, thus irrigation needed), distance between the growing rows and cultivar. With the latter,
higher content is with plants from scions obtained through vegetative reproduction ( Salvia offi cinalis ) compared with those from sowing ( S. lavendulifolia ).
However, planting with scions is very labor - intensive, which has quite an impact
in respect to labor costs, and sowing is then the alternative. Optimal conditions
for sage are with warm and wind - protected sites, with a light soil containing
compost and water. Dry periods are no major problem and the plants should
grow in rows (distance 25 – 50 cm) as depicted in Figure 1.7 [15] . Usually, the
useful life is four to fi ve years and for soil recovery a four - year interval is recommended. If the plants are used to gain pharmaceutical extracts, all cultivation steps
(sowing, manuring etc.) must be documented and with pest management any
pesticide (date, dosage etc.) must be registered. With sage the use of herbicides is
forbidden and two cuts per year are recommended. After air classifi cation the
leaves are dried and according to the Deutsches Arzneibuch only 2% impurities are

The production chain with natural products has three major parts to consider. The
fi rst is agricultural, followed by, for example, extraction to get a concentrated
raw extract, and in pharmaceutical applications (not with cosmetics and nutraceuticals) a fi nal purifi cation step is necessary in order to get an ultrapure product
To highlight the importance of including the complete production chain, we
can consider growing a crop of plants containing oleanoic acid. This is found in
several plants (almond hulls, privet, rosemary, thyme, clove, lavender, olive, hawthorn, periwinkle etc.) with a content less than 1% in dry mass. Higher values
were observed only with a different kind of sage. The value varies with location
and local climate (e.g., Germany versus Greece), types of soil (sandy, thus irrigation needed), distance between the growing rows and cultivar. With the latter,
higher content is with plants from scions obtained through vegetative reproduction ( Salvia offi cinalis ) compared with those from sowing ( S. lavendulifolia ).
However, planting with scions is very labor - intensive, which has quite an impact
in respect to labor costs, and sowing is then the alternative. Optimal conditions
for sage are with warm and wind - protected sites, with a light soil containing
compost and water. Dry periods are no major problem and the plants should
grow in rows (distance 25 – 50 cm) as depicted in Figure 1.7 [15] . Usually, the
useful life is four to fi ve years and for soil recovery a four - year interval is recommended. If the plants are used to gain pharmaceutical extracts, all cultivation steps
(sowing, manuring etc.) must be documented and with pest management any
pesticide (date, dosage etc.) must be registered. With sage the use of herbicides is
forbidden and two cuts per year are recommended

Families are invaluable resources for teachers.

Websites: A homework website that provides assignments for the week is very helpful to
parents and guardians of students with ADHD. Class news regarding projects and the
week’s instructional topics can also be posted.


Homework Hotline: A homework hotline that gives the assignments for the night and
also provides helpful suggestions for completing them can help families support their
children’s work completion.