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    chain with natural products
    The production chain with natural products has three major parts to consider. The
    fi rst is agricultural, followed by, for example, extraction to get a concentrated
    raw extract, and in pharmaceutical applications (not with cosmetics and nutraceuticals) a fi nal purifi cation step is necessary in order to get an ultrapure product.
    All the steps combined contribute to the overall yield and determine the fi nal
    economics.
    To highlight the importance of including the complete production chain, we
    can consider growing a crop of plants containing oleanoic acid. This is found in
    several plants (almond hulls, privet, rosemary, thyme, clove, lavender, olive, hawthorn, periwinkle etc.) with a content less than 1% in dry mass. Higher values
    were observed only with a different kind of sage. The value varies with location
    and local climate (e.g., Germany versus Greece), types of soil (sandy, thus irrigation needed), distance between the growing rows and cultivar. With the latter,
    higher content is with plants from scions obtained through vegetative reproduction ( Salvia offi cinalis ) compared with those from sowing ( S. lavendulifolia ).
    However, planting with scions is very labor - intensive, which has quite an impact
    in respect to labor costs, and sowing is then the alternative. Optimal conditions
    for sage are with warm and wind - protected sites, with a light soil containing
    compost and water. Dry periods are no major problem and the plants should
    grow in rows (distance 25 – 50 cm) as depicted in Figure 1.7 [15] . Usually, the
    useful life is four to fi ve years and for soil recovery a four - year interval is recommended. If the plants are used to gain pharmaceutical extracts, all cultivation steps
    (sowing, manuring etc.) must be documented and with pest management any
    pesticide (date, dosage etc.) must be registered. With sage the use of herbicides is
    forbidden and two cuts per year are recommended. After air classifi cation the
    leaves are dried and according to the Deutsches Arzneibuch only 2% impurities are
    Posted by: AAP Bridge
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  • complete production chain and importance: natural products
    The production chain with natural products has three major parts to consider. The
    fi rst is agricultural, followed by, for example, extraction to get a concentrated
    raw extract, and in pharmaceutical applications (not with cosmetics and nutraceuticals) a fi nal purifi cation step is necessary in order to get an ultrapure product
    To highlight the importance of including the complete production chain, we
    can consider growing a crop of plants containing oleanoic acid. This is found in
    several plants (almond hulls, privet, rosemary, thyme, clove, lavender, olive, hawthorn, periwinkle etc.) with a content less than 1% in dry mass. Higher values
    were observed only with a different kind of sage. The value varies with location
    and local climate (e.g., Germany versus Greece), types of soil (sandy, thus irrigation needed), distance between the growing rows and cultivar. With the latter,
    higher content is with plants from scions obtained through vegetative reproduction ( Salvia offi cinalis ) compared with those from sowing ( S. lavendulifolia ).
    However, planting with scions is very labor - intensive, which has quite an impact
    in respect to labor costs, and sowing is then the alternative. Optimal conditions
    for sage are with warm and wind - protected sites, with a light soil containing
    compost and water. Dry periods are no major problem and the plants should
    grow in rows (distance 25 – 50 cm) as depicted in Figure 1.7 [15] . Usually, the
    useful life is four to fi ve years and for soil recovery a four - year interval is recommended. If the plants are used to gain pharmaceutical extracts, all cultivation steps
    (sowing, manuring etc.) must be documented and with pest management any
    pesticide (date, dosage etc.) must be registered. With sage the use of herbicides is
    forbidden and two cuts per year are recommended



    Posted by: AAP Bridge
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