As per Siva Mahapuranam, once Brahma (the Hindu God of creation) and Vishnu (the Hindu God of preservation) had an argument in terms of supremacy of creation.[4] To test them, Shiva pierced the three worlds as a huge endless pillar of light, the jyotirlinga. Vishnu and Brahma split their ways to downwards and upwards respectively to find the end of the light in either directions. Brahma lied that he found out the end, while Vishnu conceded his defeat. Shiva appeared as a second pillar of light and cursed Brahma that he would have no place in ceremonies while Vishnu would be worshipped till the end of eternity. The jyotirlinga is the supreme partless reality, out of which Shiva partly appears. The jyotirlinga shrines, thus are places where Shiva appeared as a fiery column of light.[5][6] Originally there were believed to be 64 jyotirlingas while 12 of them are considered to be very auspicious and holy.[4] Each of the twelve jyotirlinga sites take the name of the presiding deity – each considered different manifestation of Shiva.[7] At all these sites, the primary image is lingam representing the beginningless and endless Stambha pillar, symbolizing the infinite nature of Shiva.[7][8][9] The twelve jyotirlinga are Somnath at Veraval in Gujarat, Mallikarjuna at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh, Mahakaleswar at Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh, Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh, Kedarnath in Uttarakhand, Bhimashankar in Maharashtra, Viswanath at Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, Triambakeshwar in Maharashtra, Baidyanath at Deoghar district in Jharkhand, Nagnath at Dwarka in Gujarat, Rameshwar at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu and Grishneshwar at Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar in Maharashtra

But we all share that ongoing sense of excitement each time we take out our telescopes and gaze directly at the cosmos above us. We feel we are looking at the very dawn of time. And in light of the issues with the speed of light which means that many of the twinkling stars out there are really light from those stars that started their journey to us thousands of years ago, we are in actually looking directly at the past every time we direct our eyes skyward.

But we don’t have to worry about ever conquering the final frontier and finding our curiosity satisfied. There will always be more to learn and discover in the world of astronomy. And it is likely that mankind’s curiosity about astronomy is just as limitless as well.

Globalization means the ability to produce and /or sell goods/services in global markets in open competition with others. Only the fittest will survive in open competition. There exists comprehensive foreign competition with respect to

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almost every product all over the world. The globalization of markets has vastly increased international competition. While pursuing the strategy of globalization, the firms have to face the challenges of managing human, technological, physical resources in the foreign markets. The globalization of markets and manufacturing has vastly increased international competition.

Method Components
What are the 4Cs?
The 4Cs for 21st century learning are Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration. They are part of the framework for 21st Century Learning and are designed to support student learning in today’s world and are skills they can use in college and career.

What is communication (and what isn’t it)?
The P21 framework emphasizes effective use of oral, written, and nonverbal communication skills for multiple purposes (e.g., to inform, instruct, motivate, persuade, and share ideas). It also focuses on effective listening, using technology to communicate, and being able to evaluate the effectiveness of communication efforts—all within diverse contexts (adapted from P21). Note that working in partners is a great way to collaborate or build shared understanding but a critical part of communication is sharing with an authentic audience.

Through global education, students will prepare to thrive and lead change in an interconnected world. Students will engage in dimensions of cultural diversity to reach common understandings and goals. Through a stronger awareness of global issues, students will be able to address today’s greatest challenges and make a difference in the world, both collaboratively and equitably.

How comfortable are you with change?

Do you think a lot of change is healthy or unhealthy for a person?

What do you think about the speed of change happening in the world today?

What do you think has been the biggest change that has happened in the last 50 years?

What still needs to be changed?