Child marriage is a marriage or similar union, formal or informal, between an adult and a child or youth under a certain age, typically age eighteen.[1][2][3] Child marriage violates the rights of children and has widespread and long term consequences for child brides and grooms. It affects both boys and girls, but it is more common among girls.[4] The legally prescribed marriageable age in some jurisdictions is below 18 years, especially in the case of girls.Even where the age is set at 18 years, cultural traditions may take priority over legislative law and many jurisdictions permit earlier marriage with parental consent or in special circumstances, such as teenage pregnancy. Comprehensive sex education can help to prevent child marriage.Child marriage is related to child betrothal, and it includes civil cohabitation and court approved early marriages after teenage pregnancy. In many cases, only one marriage-partner is a child, usually the female. Causes of child marriages include poverty, bride price, dowry, cultural traditions, laws that allow child marriages, religious and social pressures, regional customs, fear of remaining unmarried, illiteracy, and perceived inability of women to work for money.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a very common condition diagnosed mainly in children.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 6.4 million children between four and 17 years of age have been diagnosed with ADHD as of 2011.

This primer is designed to help you understand ADHD at a deeper level and combat misconceptions.

Fact: An ADHD diagnosis requires observations of numerous symptoms in multiple settings and evidence of significant impairment.

The goal of behavior management strategies is to help students learn to manage their own
behavior. The following strategies are most effective when used in conjunction with evidence based instructional strategies.


Prevention Strategies
Here are some preventive measures that support students in demonstrating positive
behavior.


Nonverbal Supports: Together with the student, develop inconspicuous,
nonverbal messages such as eye contact, hand gestures, or other signals that teach
students to recognize the conditions that trigger specific behaviors. Once the

Policymakers are discussing options to strengthen the nation’s health care system, improve quality and safety,
provide coverage and benefits for millions of uninsured and underinsured Americans, and respond to the
challenge of meeting the health care needs of the American population, especially an aging America. Our
nation’s pharmacists play a critical role in providing affordable, accessible and quality health care. Decisions
made to reform our health care system should enhance, fully recognize and utilize the professional skills and
competencies of pharmacists.
Proper use of prescription medications helps improve quality of life and health outcomes. However, the health
care system incurs more than $177 billion1
annually in mostly avoidable health care costs to treat adverse
events from inappropriate medication use. The proper use of medication becomes even more important as
treatment of chronic disease costs the health care system $1.3 trillion annually, or about 75 cents of every

Data is one of the most valuable resources today’s businesses have. The more information you have about your customers, the better you can understand their interests, wants and needs. This enhanced understanding helps you meet and exceed your customers’ expectations and allows you to create messaging and products that appeal to them.

Websites: A homework website that provides assignments for the week is very helpful to
parents and guardians of students with ADHD. Class news regarding projects and the
week’s instructional topics can also be posted.


Homework Hotline: A homework hotline that gives the assignments for the night and
also provides helpful suggestions for completing them can help families support their
children’s work completion.

Caring for children with ADHD may be challenging, but it is important to remember that these children can learn successfully. It is critical that parents remember that some of their child's disruptive behavior is a manifestation of the disability and that the challenge is finding ways to help their child change the inappropriate behavior. Key to this is remembering to focus on the need for structure and routine for your child's daily schedule and thereby reinforcing the importance of learning self-control and self-regulation. The following are suggestions for parents:
Focus on discrete rewards and consequences for appropriate and inappropriate behavior:
- Tangible rewards and treats;
- Movie night for a good week at school;
- Removal of privileges; and
Time-out from reinforcing activities: the child is essentially removed from situations that foster inappropriate behavior.