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Abstract A new permanently positively charged stable isotope labeling (SIL) agent pair, 4-(((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy)carbonyl)-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium iodide(DPTBA) and its deuterated counterpart d3-DPTBA, was designed and synthesized. The SIL agents were applied to the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of alkylphenols. Light labeled standards and heavy labeled samples were mixed and analyzed simultaneously. Matrix effect which mainly occurred during the ionization process was minimized because of the identical ionization processes between samples and standards. Meanwhile, derivatization made alkylphenols be positively charged, and thus the sensitivity was enhanced. The limits of detection were in the range of 1.5–1.8 ng/L, and the limits of quantitation were in the range of 4.8–6.1 ng/L. The developed method was applied to analyze alkylphenols migrated from plastics to edible oils. The recoveries for all analytes were in the range of 88.6–95.3%, while the matrix effects for all analytes were in the range of 96.2–99.6%.