One of the things that has changed significantly in recent years has been the importance and prevalence of working in organisations of organisations. Whether these are labelled as business partnership, JVs, outsources, collaborations or mergers, there are common issues in working across boundaries. How do you take decisions, ensure accountability, and deliver performance without disadvantaging some parties? How can we recognise the potential of business partnership and actually create the synergy that you went into the arrangement to find? Even when you bring another party inside your organisation in M&A, the results are usually not good – 58% of M&As end up reducing value rather than creating it. Multi–organisational working is not straightforward. Fractal has a toolkit for designing and managing different aspects of multi-organisational working and we specialise in managing large complex systems of this sort.