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  • Sun, Moon, and brightest planets
    The Sun, Moon, and brightest planets were visible to the naked eyes of ancient astronomers, and their observations and calculations of the movements of these bodies gave rise to the science of astronomy. Today the amount of information on the motions, properties, and compositions of the planets and smaller bodies has grown to immense proportions, and the range of observational instruments has extended far beyond the solar system to other galaxies and the edge of the known universe. Yet the solar system and its immediate outer boundary still represent the limit of our physical reach, and they remain the core of our theoretical understanding of the cosmos as well. Earth-launched space probes and landers have gathered data on planets, moons, asteroids, and other bodies, and this data has been added to the measurements collected with telescopes and other instruments from below and above Earth’s atmosphere and to the information extracted from meteorites and from Moon rocks returned by astronauts. All this information is scrutinized in attempts to understand in detail the origin and evolution of the solar system—a goal toward which astronomers continue to make great strides.  
    By: rupali
    Friday, Jul 23, 2021
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  • Solar System
    The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest are the eight planets, with the remainder being smaller objects, the dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the natural satellites—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.   One of Billions. Our solar system is made up of a star, eight planets and countless smaller bodies … Meet Me in the Orion Arm. Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky Way Galaxy at about … A Long Way Round. It takes our solar system about 230 million years to complete one orbit around … Spiraling Through Space. There are three general kinds of galaxies: elliptical, spiral and irregular.
    By: rupali
    Friday, Jul 23, 2021
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  • A coordination compound is composed of one or more complex structural units, each of which has a central atom bound directly to a surrounding set of groups called ligands. The nomenclature of coordination compounds is based on these structural relationships.
    By: Vijaya Super admin
    Wednesday, Jul 21, 2021
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  • Cladodes (also called cladophylls or phylloclades) are shoot systems in which leaves do not develop; rather, the stems become flattened and assume the photosynthetic functions of the plant. In asparagus (Asparagus officinalis; Asparagaceae), the scales found on the asparagus spears are the true leaves. If the thick, fleshy asparagus spears continue to grow, flat, green, leaflike structures called cladodes develop in the axils of the scale leaves. The presence of cladodes in unrelated desert angiosperm families is an excellent example of convergent evolution, or the independent development of the same characteristic in unrelated taxa.
    By: rupali
    Wednesday, Jul 21, 2021
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  • Polyploidy
    Genomic analysis also has shown that one of the important mechanisms of evolution is multiplication of chromosome sets, resulting in polyploidy (“many genomes”). In plants and animals, spontaneous doubling of chromosomes can occur. In some plants, the chromosomes of two related species unite via cross-pollination to form a fusion product. This product is sterile because each chromosome needs a pairing partner in order for the plant to be fertile. However, the chromosomes of the fusion product can accidentally double, resulting in a new, fertile species. Wheat is an example of a plant that evolved by this means through a union between wild grasses, but a large proportion of plants went through similar ancestral polyploidization.
    By: rupali
    Wednesday, Jul 21, 2021
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  • The study of disease is called pathology. It involves the determination of the cause (etiology) of the disease, the understanding of the mechanisms of its development (pathogenesis), the structural changes associated with the disease process (morphological changes), and the functional consequences of those changes. Correctly identifying the cause of a disease is necessary to identifying the proper course of treatment.   Ref: http://www.aptimize.com/
    By: rupali
    Monday, Sep 20, 2021
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  • https://aap-qa.apps.venturit.org/pathway/natural-language-or-ordinary-language
    By: rupali
    Tuesday, Jul 20, 2021

  • https://aap-qa.apps.venturit.org/AAPBridge/groups/science/stories/coronaviruses-cov-are-a-large-family-of-viruses-that-cause-illness-ranging-from-the-common-cold
    By: rupali
    Tuesday, Jul 20, 2021

  • Myxomatosis
    Myxomatosis, formally infectious myxomatosis, or myxomatosis cuniculi, a highly fatal infectious viral disease of rabbits. It is characterized by fever, swelling of the mucous membranes, and the presence of nodular skin tumours. The disease exists naturally in populations of certain South American rabbits of the genus Sylvilagus and has been introduced into western Europe and Australia as a means of rabbit population control.
    By: rupali
    Monday, Jul 19, 2021
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  • In populations of finite size, the genetic structure of a new generation is not necessarily that of the previous one. The explanation lies in a sampling effect, based on the fact that a subsample from any large set is not always representative of the larger set. The gametes that form any generation can be thought of as a sample of the alleles from the parental one. By chance the sample might not be random; it could be skewed in either direction. For example, if p = 0.600 and q = 0.400, sampling “error” might result in the gametes having a p value of 0.601 and a q of 0.399. If by chance this skewed sampling occurs in the same direction from generation to generation, the allele frequency can change radically.
    By: rupali
    Monday, Jul 19, 2021
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  • shoot systems
    Entire shoot systems are often modified for such special functions as climbing, protection, adaptation to arid habitats, and water or food storage. The modifications generally involve structural and shape changes to the stem and the reduction of the leaves to small scales. Many of the modifications parallel those previously described for leaves. In the passion flower (Passiflora; Passifloraceae) and grape (Vitis vinifera; Vitaceae), axillary buds develop as tendrils with reduced leaves and suppressed axillary buds. In the grape these axillary tendrils are actually modified and reduced inflorescences. In the plant from which strychnine is obtained (Strychnos nux-vomica), the axillary buds develop into hooks for climbing.
    By: rupali
    Monday, Jul 19, 2021
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