The Sun, Moon, and brightest planets were visible to the naked eyes of ancient astronomers, and their observations and calculations of the movements of these bodies gave rise to the science of astronomy. Today the amount of information on the motions, properties, and compositions of the planets and smaller bodies has grown to immense proportions, and the range of observational instruments has extended far beyond the solar system to other galaxies and the edge of the known universe. Yet the solar system and its immediate outer boundary still represent the limit of our physical reach, and they remain the core of our theoretical understanding of the cosmos as well. Earth-launched space probes and landers have gathered data on planets, moons, asteroids, and other bodies, and this data has been added to the measurements collected with telescopes and other instruments from below and above Earth’s atmosphere and to the information extracted from meteorites and from Moon rocks returned by astronauts. All this information is scrutinized in attempts to understand in detail the origin and evolution of the solar system—a goal toward which astronomers continue to make great strides.   Read more

Sharing Strategies Think, Pair, Share/Square Share/Group Share: Using thisapproach, students work with peer partners to discuss the lesson, check each other’swork, and share strategies.Partner Reading Student partners take turns reading orally and listening to each other. Peer partners can also be helpful with discussing answers to comprehension questions, spelling, proofreading, and solving math problems. Self-Correction Opportunities Students use calculators or a key provided by the teacher to check their answers.Learning Games Students play board games that reinforce skills such as sight vocabulary, phonics, grammar rules, and basic math facts.  Read more

Most of us can agree that agriculture of any variety is a worthwhile and noble pursuit. For most farmers, particularly those who are relatively inexperienced, it’s important to discuss the different types of farming you can choose from.Do you have extensive experience with livestock? If so, you may want to consider all of the types of farming you can select when it comes to livestock farming. For example, farming methods that include livestock may include raising poultry, pork, or beef. Other farmers may collect eggs from their hens while simultaneously using other types of farming practices in their spare time. The choices for agriculture involving livestock are just as numerous as those for growing. The second most common type of farming is growing food. Farming techniques in this category will vary depending on the area you live in and how much land you have. Some examples of popular crops include: Corn Fruit and tree nuts Rice Soybeans and oil crops Sugar and sweeteners Vegetables Wheat Read more

Primer text from the College of William & Mary.https://education.wm.edu/centers/ttac/documents/packets/adhd.pdf Many students with ADHD have significant difficulties with organization.    They are more likely to respond positively when teachers establish class routines and set procedures and maintain a well-organized learning environment.    Clear rules and advanced planning are keys to success for teachers of students with ADHD. The following organizational supports are particularly useful. Students should be taught to use these tools through teacher modeling and guided practice with feedback before being expected to use them more independently. Assignment Notebook: Provide the student with an assignment notebook to helporganize homework and seatwork.Color-Coded Folders: Provide the student with color-coded folders to helporganize assignments for different academic subjects.Homework Partners: Assign the student a partner who can help record Read more

strategic framework for targeted IEC activities encompassing mass media, along with mid-media and inter-personal activities so as to disseminate information about the various health schemes in the masses. The year-long IEC/Communication Plan had month-wise focus on health days and health themes. While some activities were taken up to coincide with ‘Health Days’, others were week and month long plans for focussed multi-media campaigns on schemes of the Ministry. These centered around topics such as Integrated Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF), Breastfeeding Week, Tobacco Control etc. Seasonal ailments such as Dengue, H1N1 etc., needed campaigns for a longer time The objective is also to encourage build-up of health seeking behaviour among the masses in keeping with the focus on promotive and preventive health. The IEC strategy has catered to the different needs of the rural and urban masses through the various tools used for communication Read more

Natural plant products have been used throughout human history forvarious purposes. Having co-evolved with animal life, many of the plants fromwhich these natural products are derived are billions of years old. Tens ofthousands of these products are produced and discovered since. Dyes areone of them. Fabric dye has been one of the common things used in these moderndays. But using it has also disadvantages to the environment. Therun-offfrom fabric dye pollutes water ways, and the dyes themselves are not sohealthy for workers who are around them day in and day out, either.There areways to prevent these harmful effects of using dye to both the environmentand human beings, and that is by using organic substances instead ofcommercialized products which utilizes toxic ingredients.           Read more

Plant sterols are found in the highest amounts in foods like vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. Plant sterols are used as medicine. Plant sterols are most commonly used for lowering. Plant sterols are a group of substances made in plants. Plant sterols are found in the highest amounts in foods like vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. Plant sterols are used as medicine.Plant sterols are most commonly used for lowering cholesterol levels. Plant sterols are also used for other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses. Read more

Culture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order, determining how we make sense of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in society. It is composed of both non-material and material things.   In brief, sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication, and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions, and expectations. It is also the rules, norms, laws, and morals that govern society; the words we use as well as how we speak and write them  and the symbols we use to express meaning, ideas, and concepts (like traffic signs and emojis, for example). Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform (for example, theater and dance). It informs and is encapsulated in how we walk, sit, carry our bodies, and interact with others; how we behave depending on the place, time, and "audience;" and how we express identities of race, class, gender, and sexuality, among others. Culture also includes the collective practices we participate in, such as religious ceremonies, the celebration of secular holidays, and attending sporting events. Read more

Human activity affects global surface temperatures by changing Earth's radiative balance—the “give and take” between what comes in during the day and what Earth emits at night. Increases in greenhouse gases—i.e., trace gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that absorb heat energy emitted from Earth's surface and reradiate it back—generated by industry and transportation cause the atmosphere to retain more heat, which increases temperatures and alters precipitation patterns.   Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near the surface of Earth over the past one to two centuries. Climate scientists have since the mid-20th century gathered detailed observations of various weather phenomena (such as temperatures, precipitation, and storms) and of related influences on climate (such as ocean currents and the atmosphere’s chemical composition). Read more

Recipes is the fifth format we support, following the introduction of reviews, people, video and, most recently, events.If you have recipe content on your site, you can get started now by marking up your recipes with microdata, RDFa, or the hRecipe microformat. To learn more, read our documentation on how to mark up recipe information or our general help articles on rich snippets for a more complete overview.Please remember that to ensure a great user experience we're taking a gradual approach to surface rich snippets. This means that we can't guarantee that marking up your site will result in a rich snippet when your page shows up on our search results. However, we encourage you to get started, and once you're done you can test your pages with our rich snippets testing tool.Written by Jun Gong, Kosuke Suzuki, and Yu Watanabe Read more

If a student is not responsive to behavioral strategies and interventions, more intensive interventions, such as functional behavior assessment and behavior intervention plans, should be considered (see Practical FBA).    No one intervention is universally effective for all students with ADHD. A combination of research-based and promising practices is recommended.    Here are several of these practices: Giving DirectionsMany students with ADHD have trouble following directions. Here are some guidelines that might help address this problem. Number of Directions: Give a minimal number of directions or steps at a time.If necessary, have students repeat the directions to the teacher or a peer partner. Form of Directions: Provide written directions or steps, or a visual model of acompleted project. Teach students how to refer to these items as reminders ofprocess steps to complete tasks. This strategy is particularly helpful for long-termprojects. Written AssignmentsMany students with ADHD have particular challenges with written work due to finemotorskills difficulties, motor planning issues, and difficulty alternating their attentionfrom a book to their written responses.  Read more

The four-part framework (investigating the issue, recognizing perspectives, communicating ideas, taking action) incorporated into this micro-credential reflects the changing role of our students in the 21st century. Students must have a substantive understanding of the complex, diverse, and interdependent world in which they live. Educators will delve into the research that supports the students becoming globally competent through inquiry. The four-part framework is described below. Additional resources are available in the “Supporting Rationale and Research” section and should be examined prior to completing this micro-credential.   Read more